什么是蓝色氨？氨气在氢经济中扮演着什么角色？

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阿布扎比国家石油公司(Abu Dhabi National Oil Company)周一宣布，将在其下游工业中心Ruwais开发一个1000千吨的蓝色氨设施。
但是，蓝色氨是什么?它在阿联酋快速发展的氢战略中又扮演了什么角色?
什么是氨?
氨是一种对全球化肥工业很重要的化合物。它由氮和氢组成，由一个氮分子和三个氢分子组成。
除肥料外，氨还具有多种其他用途-用于制药，纺织品，清洁产品和废水处理。根据《 2021年氨市场报告》，去年氨生产的市场价值为728亿美元，利润丰厚。
氨是如何制造的?
氨是一种无机化合物，是指不含碳和氢的化学物质。它是通过氢气和氮气在450摄氏度的高压下发生化学反应而产生的。该过程耗能高-氨气生产占全球能耗的2%和碳排放的3% 。这一过程还消耗了全球多达5%的天然气。
什么是蓝色氨?
蓝氨是采用蒸汽甲烷重整技术生产化合物的低碳方法。氢首先是作为二氧化碳的副产品而产生的，二氧化碳已被捕获和储存。然后将其与氮气混合以产生氨。
绿氨也可以通过可再生能源驱动的电解来生产。氨气生产的脱碳是到2050年全球向净零排放过渡的重要组成部分。
它在氢经济中扮演什么角色?
随着人们对氢燃料的兴趣激增，氨已成为一种易于运输的储存方式。氢气是一种无碳排放的清洁燃烧的燃料，可通过将氨转化为气体而用于汽车燃料电池等应用中。
随着对海湾国家发展蓝色和绿色氢的投资大量涌入，以这种方式产生的氨可能成为未来可行的燃料来源。
蓝氨被视为用于工业加热，重型道路运输和航运的有用燃料。
原文阅读：
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company announced the development of a 1,000-kilotonne blue ammonia facility at its downstream industrial hub of Ruwais on Monday.
But what is blue ammonia and what role does it have in the UAE's rapidly-evolving hydrogen strategy?
What is ammonia?
Ammonia is a chemical compound that is important to the global fertiliser industry. It consists of nitrogen and hydrogen and is formed with one molecule of the former and three of the latter.
Apart from fertilisers, ammonia has a variety of other uses - in pharmaceuticals, textiles, cleaning products and for wastewater treatment. The production of ammonia is a lucrative market valued at $72.8 billion last year, according to the Ammonia Market 2021 report.
How is ammonia manufactured?
Ammonia is an inorganic compound, which is a term for chemicals that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen. It is produced through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen at high pressure and temperatures of 450 degrees Celsius. The process is highly energy-intensive - ammonia production accounts for up to 2 per cent of energy consumption and 3 per cent of carbon emissions worldwide. The process also uses up to 5 per cent of global gas consumption.
What is blue ammonia?
Blue ammonia is a low-carbon method of producing the chemical compound, using steam methane reformation. Hydrogen is first derived as a byproduct of carbon dioxide, which has been captured and stored. It is then combined with nitrogen to produce ammonia.
Green ammonia can also be produced through electrolysis powered by renewable energy. The decarbonisation of ammonia production is an integral part of the global transition to net-zero emissions by 2050.
What role does it play in the hydrogen economy?
With the surge of interest in hydrogen as a fuel, ammonia has become an easily transportable way to store it. Hydrogen, a clean-burning fuel with no carbon emissions, can be obtained by reconverting ammonia into the gas to use in applications such as fuel cells for cars.

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